精子介导GFP基因在小鼠早期胚胎中的表达

利用DIG末端标记技术和免疫组化技术分析了小鼠精子体外结合内化外源DNA的效率。试验结果表明,不同小鼠个体的精子结合外源DNA的阳性率有明显差异(P<0.01),平均为13%。利用考马斯亮蓝染色评价了小鼠精子顶体反应发生的情况,筛选出TYH培养液为较合适的体外受精液。利用小鼠体外受精技术,将体外转染GFP基因并获能的小鼠精子与成熟卵母细胞进行体外受精,受精卵进行体外培养,表达GFP胚胎的阳性率为4.7%。验证了精子介导制备转基因小鼠胚胎的可行性,并建立了利用精子载体法制备转基因小鼠胚胎的平台。     

我国分离的盖塔病毒衣壳蛋白基因和3'非翻译区分子特征研究

对我国海南省和河北省分离到的3株盖塔病毒(GETV)(M1、HB0215-3和HB0234)进行衣壳蛋白基因和3'UTR区序列测定,并分析比较该病毒的分子生物学遗传特征.首先应用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白基因和3'UTR片段,纯化后连接到载体中进行测序,然后用Clastal X和DNASTAR软件对测定的核苷酸和推测的氨基酸序列进行比较分析,用MEGA软件绘制系统发生树.3株病毒衣壳蛋白基因分别由801、804和804个核苷酸组成,分别编码267、268和268个氨基酸,3株病毒之间核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性为97.6%～100%和97.8%～100%,与其他GETV分离株核苷酸同源性在95.4%～99.6%之间.3株病毒3'UTR分别由411、401和401个核苷酸组成,发现中国株存在10个(45～54位)核苷酸缺失和2个(64位、148位)特有的核苷酸位点.进化分析表明盖塔病毒之间的进化关系与分离年代相关,中国境内流行的盖塔病毒是相对独立的一个类群.     

山西濒危植物翅果油树植冠的构型分析

应用分形理论及方法,从分枝格局和冠幅扩展2个方面对山西翼城和乡宁的35株翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels)个体的植冠构型进行统计分析。结果表明,幼树和成树的总体分枝率和逐步分枝率有显著变化;一级枝的平均枝长和枝径有显著差异,但枝和叶的方位角及叶倾角差异不明显。不同发育阶段个体的冠幅变化较大,幼树冠幅的分形维数(2.0026)小于成树(2.2694)。翅果油树在不同生长发育阶段对生境变化有不同的构型策略。     

Phylogeography and population structure of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) inferred from mitochondrial control region DNA sequence analysis

Rhinopithecus bieti, the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, is the nonhuman primate with the highest altitudinal distribution and is also one of the 25 most globally endangered primate species. Currently, R. bieti is found in forests between 3000 and 4500 m above sea level, within a narrow area on the Tibetan Plateau between the Yangtze and Mekong rivers, where it is suffering from loss of habitat and shrinking population size (approximately 1500). To assess the genetic diversity within this species, its population structure and to infer its evolutionary history, we sequenced 401 bp of the hypervariable I (HVI) segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) for 157 individuals from 11 remnant patches throughout the fragmented distribution area. Fifty-two variable sites were observed and 30 haplotypes were defined. Compared with other primate species, R. bieti cannot be regarded as a taxon with low genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis partitioned haplotypes into two divergent haplogroups (A and B). Haplotypes from the two mitochondrial clades were found to be mixed in some patches although the distribution of haplotypes displayed local homogeneity, implying a strong population structure within R. bieti. Analysis of molecular variance detected significant differences among the different geographical regions, suggesting that R. bieti should be separated into three management units (MUs) for conservation. Based on our results, it can be hypothesized that the genetic history of R. bieti includes an initial, presumably allopatric divergence between clades A and B 1.0-0.7 million years ago (Ma), which might have been caused by the Late Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, secondary contact after this divergence as a result of a population expansion 0.16-0.05 Ma, and population reduction and habitat fragmentation in the very recent past.     

白背飞虱重大迁入过程的大气动力背景

为了揭示白背飞虱迁入的大气动力背景,为其灾变预警奠定气象学基础,根据2003年全国69个植保站提供的白背飞虱虫情资料,在ArcGIS9.0支持下对该年我国白背飞虱的时空分布规律进行了地学分析。利用MM5中尺度数值预报模式和由PCVSAT系统接收的气象数据对2个典型的白背飞虱南、北迁降落过程的大气背景进行了数值模拟和客观分析,模拟和分析结果表明:(1)850hPa等压面上气压场的配置及其随时空的演变是控制和影响白背飞虱迁入的最重要的大气环流因素。(2)850hPa高度上的偏南气流有利于白背飞虱种群的北迁,925hPa等压面上的偏北气流有利于其南迁,这两个高度上风场的气旋式风向切变区有利于白背飞虱的起飞迁出,反气旋式切变区有利于其迁入降落。(3)降水对白背飞虱的降落有着十分重要的动力胁迫作用,但其在北迁降落过程中的作用明显强于南迁。(4)垂直气流场中强下沉气流可迫使白背飞虱大量降落,表明气流胁迫是风载迁飞性害虫灾变性迁入的一个极其重要的大气动力机制。     

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) and ENSO indices: implication for its medium- and long-term forecast

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices from January of two years previously to the current June was investigated to make long-term forecast. The teleconnection results were as follows: ENSO indices which were significantly correlated with the early immigration of BPH were primarily sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in N3, N4 and N3.4 regions, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Significant ENSO indices from two years and one year before the immigration events had a proportion of about 84%, while those in the current year only accounted for 16.7%. There was significantly negative correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region from two years before to the previous spring, whereas there was significantly positive correlation between these two factors during the period from the previous winter to the current spring. The significant correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region in the last summer and autumn did not show any obvious tendencies. The relationship between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and the early immigration of BPH was opposite to that between the immigration and SSTA in each Nino region. The above mentioned significant ENSO indices were used as key factors to build forecasting models for the early immigration of BPH by step-wise multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 12 integrated forecasting models were obtained, which could make predictions 3–27 months ahead and had a predictive accuracy of 88.9%.     

麦田一代灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallén）若虫的时空分布

灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallén）近年来严重危害水稻并传播病毒病,麦田是其越冬并虫量扩增后向稻田迁移的重要场所,麦田一代灰飞虱也是防治的重点对象之一。利用半方差函数模型分析了麦田一代灰飞虱若虫在时间序列上的空间结构,得出了空间自相关的各项属性与虫口密度或环境因素的关系：长、短变程与密度无关,保持相对稳定;块金常数与密度成正相关（比例效应的存在）,随机性强度与密度成三次多项式曲线相关;各向异性主要由于麦田行株距的差别所决定。并用一般克立金方法作出预测表面图,按时间顺序排列,将灰飞虱若虫在田间的时空分布情况直观地显示出来进行比较分析,得出灰飞虱若虫具有比较稳定的时空分布,认为食料充足、生境孤立、自身行动力较弱是形成这种情况的主要原因,此外包括天敌在内的一些次要因素也对其种群分布产生影响。     

麦田一代灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Falln)若虫的时空分布

灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Falln)近年来严重危害水稻并传播病毒病,麦田是其越冬并虫量扩增后向稻田迁移的重要场所,麦田一代灰飞虱也是防治的重点对象之一。利用半方差函数模型分析了麦田一代灰飞虱若虫在时间序列上的空间结构,得出了空间自相关的各项属性与虫口密度或环境因素的关系:长、短变程与密度无关,保持相对稳定;块金常数与密度成正相关(比例效应的存在),随机性强度与密度成三次多项式曲线相关;各向异性主要由于麦田行株距的差别所决定。并用一般克立金方法作出预测表面图,按时间顺序排列,将灰飞虱若虫在田间的时空分布情况直观地显示出来进行比较分析,得出灰飞虱若虫具有比较稳定的时空分布,认为食料充足、生境孤立、自身行动力较弱是形成这种情况的主要原因,此外包括天敌在内的一些次要因素也对其种群分布产生影响。     

棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的寄主适应性及转移通道

采用寄主转接建立生命表的方法研究了棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜对不同寄主植物的适应性,以及两寄主型棉蚜是否可通过中间桥梁寄主实现寄主互换的问题。结果表明,两寄主型棉蚜直接互换寄主后,其存活和繁殖力显著下降,表现为棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜的净增殖率比在原寄主上分别下降980倍和12倍,平均世代寿命缩短5～12d。两寄主型棉蚜均能利用木槿植物,并且适应性没有显著差异。但是两寄主型棉蚜均不能在车前草和大叶黄杨上存活和繁殖后代。西葫芦作物对棉蚜在木槿、棉花和黄瓜寄主上的相互转移起到了重要的桥梁寄主作用。冬寄主木槿上棉蚜可通过甜瓜或西葫芦转移到黄瓜寄主上,棉花和黄瓜上棉蚜也可通西葫芦作物分别转移到黄瓜和棉花作物上,从而形成棉蚜在不同寄主植物间的相互转移通道,造成为害和病毒病的扩张。     

博尔纳病病毒抗原免疫的杂交瘤细胞系的评价

目的评价博尔纳病病毒(BDV)抗原免疫的杂交瘤细胞系的产生抗体能力与抗体特异性。方法随机抽取2株由BDV抗原免疫的杂交瘤细胞系H1和H2,通过体内和体外方法制备单克隆抗体,通过间接免疫荧光、免疫印迹和间接酶联免疫吸附3种试验方法对制备的抗体进行特异性鉴定及效价测定。结果杂交瘤细胞系H1和H2可以产生一定效价的单克隆抗体,并对BDV的P24和P40抗原具有特异性。结论由杂交瘤细胞系H1和H2产生的单克隆抗体可以用于检测BDV特异性抗原。